I'm sorry Brandon7. I know we have disagreed on similar issues previously and, at the risk of starting a robust discussion, I will have to disagree with you again.
Dealing with security threats, both external and internal, is ultimately a risk management process. If you are keen, and have lots of time on your hands, there is volumes and volumes of information available on the subject of risk management. However, at the end of the day, there are common points that clearly indicate that protection via weaponry only being the least effective strategy.
First, it is important to point out a few key aspects of risk. Risk is a function of the likelihood of something happening and the consequence that results from that something happening. In the matter at hand, the "something happening" would be Asgardia being attacked (by terrestrial states, lone wolf terrorists, ET, etc). The consequence that results from this "something" would obviously depend on the type and nature of attack, but let's take a worst case - catastrophic depressurisation of the entire habitat resulting in 100% fatalities. I think it safe to say that if no risk management action was taken, the risk of an attack on an Asgardian space habitat (considering likelihood AND consequence) is extreme. Secondly, it is equally important to note that any risk management process does not eliminate all possible risks. However, the process typically aims to reduce the level of known risks to an acceptable level. There is no such thing as zero risk. No amount of planning, preparation, procedures, engineering or weaponry will reduce risk of a hostile action to zero, particularly if the risks are unknown (ie. like an ET attack), or if you have an extremely determined, well motivated and well resourced enemy.
Now that sounds all doom and gloom so far. However, there is a tried and tested hierarchy of risk reduction actions that has proved its effectiveness where it has been applied with a continuous improvement approach. Using the Asgardia situation as an example, these actions are (from most effective to least effective):
- Elimination - This does NOT mean vaporise your perceived enemies. However, it does mean either not making enemies or, where possible, turning enemies into friends (or at least, non-enemies). The logic here is simple - no enemies, no attack. This is achieved through a variety of means including foreign policy, diplomacy, economic integration, multilateral co-operation, etc
- Transfer - Perception is reality. If it appears that Asgardia is a secretive society, then the most likely perception of Asgardia would be as a potential threat. However, if through transparency, openness, diplomacy, etc, any negative perceptions can be at least minimised. Focus naturally shifts to the next greatest threat - Why attack Asgardia when there is a bigger threat sitting on your doorstep?
- Isolation - An orbiting Asgardian habitat will have this built in. Anyone planning to attack Asgardia from Earth would be at an automatic and distinct disadvantage because of their location in the gravity well. The economic, technological and human resources required to mount an attack with a chance of success is a significant barrier in itself. The physical separation of Asgardia from Earth also enables points of control on departure and arrival to operate to maximise the chances of intercepting those who might plan to clandestinely infiltrate the habitat.
- Engineering - Designing the habitat to resist any attack that may be made. For example: armouring/shielding, hardened airlocks/hangers, systems redundancy, external and internal sensors, ECM, centrally controlled bulkhead doors and so on. It is possible to render an attack plan completely ineffective by engineering alone.
- Administration - This is where all the systematic and uniform security procedures sit, ranging from screening at departure and arrival stations right through to detailed defence plans in the case of an attack. Some of the procedures would be used daily, others would only implemented in case of emergency.
- Protection - The last resort and least effective. If the shooting starts, then all of the above has failed (or not been attempted). At this stage, the chances of prevailing are already, at best, 50/50 and even if successful, losses (in terms of lives, infrastructure and economic) are likely to be catastrophic.
Sun Tzu understood this concept 2,500 years ago - "supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy's resistance without fighting. Thus the highest form of generalship is to baulk the enemy's plans." Or, if you like, a saying that I use often in my work - you can't lose a battle that you are not involved in.