Basic elements of citizenship
Citizenship consists of three basic elements:
Civil component
Including individual freedom, freedom of expression, belief and belief, the right to own property, the right to justice and the realization of the civilian component of citizenship in ...
Basic elements of citizenship
Citizenship consists of three basic elements:
Civil component
Including individual freedom, freedom of expression, belief and belief, the right to own property, the right to justice and the realization of the civilian component of citizenship in judicial institutions.
Political element
Means the right to participate in political life by describing the citizen as an active actor in political power, through parliament.
Social component
It means that citizens enjoy social welfare services and satisfy their economic rights, including education and good health care, to name but a few. This is why every human being is said to be a citizen if he or she has certain social characteristics, such as rights and duties, obligations and freedom of decision, which is a matter of his own interest, participation in public interests, In civil society. This term is called "basic or actual citizenship", in exchange for the enjoyment of official citizenship, a term that in this era has become limited to the fact that the individual is a member of a nation-state.
The individual's enjoyment of citizenship in its first sense requires that the individual be part of a social political entity, and that these rights, duties and other matters which the individual has the right to hold in their tangible concrete form, as well as in their moral form, Being a member of this entity. The status of citizenship is only for those who are in accordance with the Constitution and the law has the right to participate in the rule of his country, through the institutions of political and legal rule and constitutional. Individuals who reside on land and are forced to comply with their orders without contributing, in some way, to their preparation or issuance, such as foreigners, with the possibility of enjoying civil rights, are not citizens, members of the political group that contribute to the direction of their lives. The awareness of man as an indigenous citizen in his country is a genuine awareness of citizenship and that he is not only a resident subject to a particular regime, without taking part in decision-making within this system.
This awareness of citizenship is the starting point in shaping the individual's perception of himself, his country, and his partners in citizenship. On the basis of this participation is belonging to the homeland. Equality is shared through participation. Every citizen has the same rights and duties. The citizen has three pillars: belonging to land, participation, equality and any equality.
Therefore, the person's effort comes within the framework of the political group to exercise the status of citizenship and to uphold and defend it. When the group succeeds in extracting the rights of the homeland and the citizen, the constitutional moment is revealed; the land becomes a homeland and the person who lives on it and participates in shaping its life. Therefore, the homeland is what establishes the idea of the citizen, and then the idea of citizenship. Citizenship, in its very essence, is the national community that continues to express its identity and will in one independent state. The citizen in his full truth is the individual as a member already in a national state. Here we must distinguish between patriotism and citizenship.
National
A complex social psychological phenomenon, based on the patriotism of the homeland and the pursuit of its interests. Or in other words: an individual and collective psychological phenomenon, which revolves around attachment to the national community and its land and interest and heritage and integration into its destiny.
Citizenship (Citizenship)
A phenomenon centered on the individual, in terms of a member of the national community, and in the state that is its state. In this capacity, the individual is subject to a specific set of rights and obligations. In other words: nationalism and citizenship are two different aspects of the national community and its political existence.
In fact, when we talk about citizenship, as a system of rights and duties, we mean at the same time the rights and duties of citizens in the state and their duties to citizens. Citizens' rights are duties of the state, and the rights of the state are duties of citizens. Marshall, therefore, defined citizenship as a status that facilitated access to the rights and forces associated with them. In an attempt to clarify these rights, he sees them as constituting civil rights, which include freedom of expression and equality before the law, and political rights, which include:
The right to vote
The right to join any legitimate political organization.
Social and economic rights, which contain economic welfare and social security.
Conditions of citizenship and its basic elements
There are some basic conditions and prerequisites, which are indispensable in the completion of citizenship, and are referred to as follows:
First rank
The complete growth of the state itself is a fundamental dimension of the growth of citizenship, and the growth of the state is determined by its own culture, which emphasizes participation and equality before the law. As such, the authoritarian state does not provide the full opportunity for the growth of citizenship because it deprives a whole sector of people of their right to participate, or that the State itself may fall prey to the oligarchy that controls the major resources of society and thus deprives the rest of their rights to participate , Or to obtain their share of resources. This, in turn, leads them to abandon their basic duties and obligations, which means that their citizenship is curtailed due to the lack of access to the basic rights and obligations that the citizen should have. This shows that there is an organic link between the completion of the country's growth and its approach to the ideal model of a modern state, a strong and cohesive society, and the completion of citizenship at its absolute levels.
The second rectifier
The link between citizenship and democracy, as democracy is the first incubator of the principle of citizenship. In this context, democracy means emphasizing the decentralization of decision, in exchange for reducing the centrality of the group. It also means that the people are the source of authority, as well as the principle of political and legal equality between citizens, regardless of religion, custom, religion or gender. In order for citizenship to be effective, it is necessary to have a degree of awareness based on access to information from its various sources, so that this knowledge becomes the basis of responsibility and is the basis for participation and accountability.
The third denominator
Enjoy citizens' enjoyment of all political, legal, social, economic and cultural rights. This means that a social contract affirms that citizenship in the nation is the source of all rights and duties, as well as a source of rejection of any bias in respect of rights and duties according to any criterion, whether sex, religion, race, wealth, language or culture. In this context, it is necessary to affirm the congruence between legal and political rights and duties, and social, economic and cultural rights, in order to achieve full democracy. In this context, emphasis on citizenship requires emphasis on equality and social justice, with regard to the distribution of economic, social and cultural opportunities, and of course, political.
The fourth rectifier
A reasonable individual is one of the basic components of citizenship, as this individual is subject to the social, cultural and political upbringing of the various institutions of society under the supervision and control of the State. The process of formation, if completed, helps the individual to understand the objectives and heritage of the group, express its interests and coexist with the group, without dissolving within it.
Fifth rectifier
Satisfying the basic needs of human beings, in their economic, political, social and cultural dimensions, is one of the main components of citizenship. In this context, citizenship faces a crisis if the State abandons its obligations to create an environment conducive to the social and economic well-being of humankind. Naturally, the failure to satisfy the basic needs of human beings leads to many phenomena, all of which indicate the erosion of the sense of citizenship. These phenomena start with the withdrawal of duties, as long as the rights have been eroded by not contributing or participating effectively at all levels, even escaping from society, seeking new citizenship, rebellion against the state and coming out, and taking refuge in intermediate groups or less than the state. All these phenomena erode citizenship, because of the erosion of satisfaction of basic needs.
