Below is an article regarding space habitation. The deep space habitation strategy has no other choice than to plan moving out from the earth. On March 4 to March 11, 2017 at Big Sky, MT, U.S.A. a conference was held that sought and pledged for human living in deep space. Here is an abstract published by Aerospace Conference, IEEE.

NASA is seeking to expand human presence into the solar system in a sustainable way. NASA's goal is not just a destination to reach, but rather it is to develop the capacity for people to work, learn, operate, and live safely beyond the Earth for extended periods of time, ultimately in ways that are more sustainable and even indefinite. The deep space habitation capability is one of the key foundations of this strategy and for human space missions beyond low-Earth orbit (LEO), habitation capabilities represent a critical component of NASA's plans for Mars-class distances and duration missions. An effective habitation capability is comprised of a pressurized volume, and an integrated array of complex habitation systems and components that include a docking capability, environmental control and life support systems, logistics management, radiation mitigation and monitoring, fire safety technologies, autonomy, and crew health capabilities. NASA's habitation development strategy is to test these systems and components on the ground and in LEO on ISS, then with the potential of incremental deployment as an integrated habitation capability for long-duration missions in cislunar space for validation before Mars-class mission transits. This paper will address this incremental and phased approach of NASA's deep-space habitat development strategy including the progression from Earth Reliant activities in LEO to advancing systems and operational capabilities in the Proving Ground of cislunar space and gradually transitioning toward Earth Independent missions. The near-term need for initial short-duration habitation beyond LEO will be explored including how this capability fulfills NASA's Human Exploration Objectives while leading to a validated system to conduct missions beyond the Earth-Moon system. Various implementation approaches will be discussed including potential commercial design concepts that are currently being investigated under the NextSTEP Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) including a summary of Phase 1 activities, a status on the progress of Phase 2 and forward work plans leading to the planned Phase 3. This paper will also address similar approaches and additions that are provided via international contributions as an integrated portion of the strategy for deep space habitation and the final acquisition approaches under consideration for Phase 3. The paper will conclude with a discussion of how each of the potential options and their element and program dependencies feed into decisions on implementation of habitation in deep space and commercial investment in LEO.

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http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7943624/?reload=true

Below is an article regarding space habitation. The deep space habitation strategy has no other choice than to plan moving out from the earth. On March 4 to March 11, 2017 at Big Sky, MT, U.S.A. a conference was held that sought and pledged for human living in deep space. Here is an abstract published by Aerospace Conference, IEEE.

NASA is seeking to expand human presence into the solar system in a sustainable way. NASA's goal is not just a destination to reach, but rather it is to develop the capacity for people to work, learn, operate, and live safely beyond the Earth for extended periods of time, ultimately in ways that are more sustainable and even indefinite. The deep space habitation capability is one of the key foundations of this strategy and for human space missions beyond low-Earth orbit (LEO), habitation capabilities represent a critical component of NASA's plans for Mars-class distances and duration missions. An effective habitation capability is comprised of a pressurized volume, and an integrated array of complex habitation systems and components that include a docking capability, environmental control and life support systems, logistics management, radiation mitigation and monitoring, fire safety technologies, autonomy, and crew health capabilities. NASA's habitation development strategy is to test these systems and components on the ground and in LEO on ISS, then with the potential of incremental deployment as an integrated habitation capability for long-duration missions in cislunar space for validation before Mars-class mission transits. This paper will address this incremental and phased approach of NASA's deep-space habitat development strategy including the progression from Earth Reliant activities in LEO to advancing systems and operational capabilities in the Proving Ground of cislunar space and gradually transitioning toward Earth Independent missions. The near-term need for initial short-duration habitation beyond LEO will be explored including how this capability fulfills NASA's Human Exploration Objectives while leading to a validated system to conduct missions beyond the Earth-Moon system. Various implementation approaches will be discussed including potential commercial design concepts that are currently being investigated under the NextSTEP Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) including a summary of Phase 1 activities, a status on the progress of Phase 2 and forward work plans leading to the planned Phase 3. This paper will also address similar approaches and additions that are provided via international contributions as an integrated portion of the strategy for deep space habitation and the final acquisition approaches under consideration for Phase 3. The paper will conclude with a discussion of how each of the potential options and their element and program dependencies feed into decisions on implementation of habitation in deep space and commercial investment in LEO.

Read more at:

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7943624/?reload=true

Below is an article regarding space habitation. The deep space habitation strategy has no other choice than to plan moving out from the earth. On March 4 to March 11, 2017 at Big Sky, MT, U.S.A. a conference was held that sought and pledged for human living in deep space. Here is an abstract published by Aerospace Conference, IEEE.

NASA is seeking to expand human presence into the solar system in a sustainable way. NASA's goal is not just a destination to reach, but rather it is to develop the capacity for people to work, learn, operate, and live safely beyond the Earth for extended periods of time, ultimately in ways that are more sustainable and even indefinite. The deep space habitation capability is one of the key foundations of this strategy and for human space missions beyond low-Earth orbit (LEO), habitation capabilities represent a critical component of NASA's plans for Mars-class distances and duration missions. An effective habitation capability is comprised of a pressurized volume, and an integrated array of complex habitation systems and components that include a docking capability, environmental control and life support systems, logistics management, radiation mitigation and monitoring, fire safety technologies, autonomy, and crew health capabilities. NASA's habitation development strategy is to test these systems and components on the ground and in LEO on ISS, then with the potential of incremental deployment as an integrated habitation capability for long-duration missions in cislunar space for validation before Mars-class mission transits. This paper will address this incremental and phased approach of NASA's deep-space habitat development strategy including the progression from Earth Reliant activities in LEO to advancing systems and operational capabilities in the Proving Ground of cislunar space and gradually transitioning toward Earth Independent missions. The near-term need for initial short-duration habitation beyond LEO will be explored including how this capability fulfills NASA's Human Exploration Objectives while leading to a validated system to conduct missions beyond the Earth-Moon system. Various implementation approaches will be discussed including potential commercial design concepts that are currently being investigated under the NextSTEP Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) including a summary of Phase 1 activities, a status on the progress of Phase 2 and forward work plans leading to the planned Phase 3. This paper will also address similar approaches and additions that are provided via international contributions as an integrated portion of the strategy for deep space habitation and the final acquisition approaches under consideration for Phase 3. The paper will conclude with a discussion of how each of the potential options and their element and program dependencies feed into decisions on implementation of habitation in deep space and commercial investment in LEO.

Read more at:

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7943624/?reload=true

Below is an article regarding space habitation. The deep space habitation strategy has no other choice than to plan moving out from the earth. On March 4 to March 11, 2017 at Big Sky, MT, U.S.A. a conference was held that sought and pledged for human living in deep space. Here is an abstract published by Aerospace Conference, IEEE.

NASA is seeking to expand human presence into the solar system in a sustainable way. NASA's goal is not just a destination to reach, but rather it is to develop the capacity for people to work, learn, operate, and live safely beyond the Earth for extended periods of time, ultimately in ways that are more sustainable and even indefinite. The deep space habitation capability is one of the key foundations of this strategy and for human space missions beyond low-Earth orbit (LEO), habitation capabilities represent a critical component of NASA's plans for Mars-class distances and duration missions. An effective habitation capability is comprised of a pressurized volume, and an integrated array of complex habitation systems and components that include a docking capability, environmental control and life support systems, logistics management, radiation mitigation and monitoring, fire safety technologies, autonomy, and crew health capabilities. NASA's habitation development strategy is to test these systems and components on the ground and in LEO on ISS, then with the potential of incremental deployment as an integrated habitation capability for long-duration missions in cislunar space for validation before Mars-class mission transits. This paper will address this incremental and phased approach of NASA's deep-space habitat development strategy including the progression from Earth Reliant activities in LEO to advancing systems and operational capabilities in the Proving Ground of cislunar space and gradually transitioning toward Earth Independent missions. The near-term need for initial short-duration habitation beyond LEO will be explored including how this capability fulfills NASA's Human Exploration Objectives while leading to a validated system to conduct missions beyond the Earth-Moon system. Various implementation approaches will be discussed including potential commercial design concepts that are currently being investigated under the NextSTEP Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) including a summary of Phase 1 activities, a status on the progress of Phase 2 and forward work plans leading to the planned Phase 3. This paper will also address similar approaches and additions that are provided via international contributions as an integrated portion of the strategy for deep space habitation and the final acquisition approaches under consideration for Phase 3. The paper will conclude with a discussion of how each of the potential options and their element and program dependencies feed into decisions on implementation of habitation in deep space and commercial investment in LEO.

Read more at:

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7943624/?reload=true

Below is an article regarding space habitation. The deep space habitation strategy has no other choice than to plan moving out from the earth. On March 4 to March 11, 2017 at Big Sky, MT, U.S.A. a conference was held that sought and pledged for human living in deep space. Here is an abstract published by Aerospace Conference, IEEE.

NASA is seeking to expand human presence into the solar system in a sustainable way. NASA's goal is not just a destination to reach, but rather it is to develop the capacity for people to work, learn, operate, and live safely beyond the Earth for extended periods of time, ultimately in ways that are more sustainable and even indefinite. The deep space habitation capability is one of the key foundations of this strategy and for human space missions beyond low-Earth orbit (LEO), habitation capabilities represent a critical component of NASA's plans for Mars-class distances and duration missions. An effective habitation capability is comprised of a pressurized volume, and an integrated array of complex habitation systems and components that include a docking capability, environmental control and life support systems, logistics management, radiation mitigation and monitoring, fire safety technologies, autonomy, and crew health capabilities. NASA's habitation development strategy is to test these systems and components on the ground and in LEO on ISS, then with the potential of incremental deployment as an integrated habitation capability for long-duration missions in cislunar space for validation before Mars-class mission transits. This paper will address this incremental and phased approach of NASA's deep-space habitat development strategy including the progression from Earth Reliant activities in LEO to advancing systems and operational capabilities in the Proving Ground of cislunar space and gradually transitioning toward Earth Independent missions. The near-term need for initial short-duration habitation beyond LEO will be explored including how this capability fulfills NASA's Human Exploration Objectives while leading to a validated system to conduct missions beyond the Earth-Moon system. Various implementation approaches will be discussed including potential commercial design concepts that are currently being investigated under the NextSTEP Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) including a summary of Phase 1 activities, a status on the progress of Phase 2 and forward work plans leading to the planned Phase 3. This paper will also address similar approaches and additions that are provided via international contributions as an integrated portion of the strategy for deep space habitation and the final acquisition approaches under consideration for Phase 3. The paper will conclude with a discussion of how each of the potential options and their element and program dependencies feed into decisions on implementation of habitation in deep space and commercial investment in LEO.

Read more at:

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7943624/?reload=true

I'm glad to be a part of something amazing such as this. The vision is not only revolutionary but also achievable very soon. I still have regrets of not being one of the first 100000 but still I feel very proud to be a citizen of a nation without division, honored and happy to be a Asgardian.

i am studiyng about Extraterrestrial life ,called alien life , is life that occurs outside of Earth and that probably did not originate from Earth . These hypothetical life forms may range from simple prokaryotes to beings with civilizations far more advanced than humanity . ^{[1] [2]} The Drake equation speculates about the existence of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe. The science of extraterrestrial life in all its forms is known as exobiology .

The concept of extraterrestrial life, and particularly extraterrestrial intelligence, has had a major cultural impact, chiefly in works of science fiction . Over the years, science fiction communicated scientific ideas, imagined a wide range of possibilities, and influenced public interest in and perspectives of extraterrestrial life. One shared space is the debate over the wisdom of attempting communication with extraterrestrial intelligence. Some encourage aggressive methods to try for contact with intelligent extraterrestrial life. Others—citing the tendency of technologically advanced human societies to enslave or wipe out less advanced societies—argue that it may be dangerous to actively call attention to Earth.

BLACK HOLES

A black hole is a region of spacetime exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing—not even particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light —can escape from inside it.The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform spacetime to form a black hole. The boundary of the region from which no escape is possible is called the event horizon . Although the event horizon has an enormous effect on the fate and circumstances of an object crossing it, no locally detectable features appear to be observed. In many ways a black hole acts like an ideal black body , as it reflects no light. Moreover, quantum field theory in curved spacetime predicts that event horizons emit Hawking radiation , with the same spectrum as a black body of a temperature inversely proportional to its mass. This temperature is on the order of billionths of a kelvin for black holes of stellar mass , making it essentially impossible to observe.

SPACE SUIT.

A space suit is a garment worn to keep a human alive in the harsh environment of outer space , vacuum and temperature extremes. Space suits are often worn inside spacecraft as a safety precaution in case of loss of cabin pressure , and are necessary for extravehicular activity (EVA), work done outside spacecraft. Space suits have been worn for such work in Earth orbit, on the surface of the Moon , and en route back to Earth from the Moon. Modern space suits augment the basic pressure garment with a complex system of equipment and environmental systems designed to keep the wearer comfortable, and to minimize the effort required to bend the limbs, resisting a soft pressure garment's natural tendency to stiffen against the vacuum. A self-contained oxygen supply and environmental control system is frequently employed to allow complete freedom of movement, independent of the spacecraft.