The Earth is a living dump. And there are so many people who are dealing with ridiculous things full of sick, dirty people. There must be intelligent people who depend on society and society, and every new child in which people are born is necessary to educate society in a useful way.

The Earth is a living dump. And there are so many people who are dealing with ridiculous things full of sick, dirty people. There must be intelligent people who depend on society and society, and every new child in which people are born is necessary to educate society in a useful way.

Asgardia Meeting up with MP Yana Smelyansky Ariadne Gallardo Figueroa @Aleksandr Alshvang and Fans in Manhattan, Newyork, 09 September 2018 #BryantPark #Asgardia #IGOR55 #Constitution #AsgardiaSpaceNation 🚀 @asgardia_space

We was  meeting up for the future of Asgardia in Bryant Park Manhattan New York and we was  making a short movie to celebrate BD of HoN Igor Ashurbeyli 9th September

Event Page https://www.facebook.com/events/224204368442957/

Each year the International Day of Peace is observed around the world on 21 September. The General Assembly has declared this as a day devoted to strengthening the ideals of peace, both within and among all nations and peoples.

The United Nations Member States adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals in 2015 because they understood that it would not be possible to build a peaceful world if steps were not taken to achieve economic and social development for all people everywhere, and ensure that their rights were protected.  The Sustainable Goals cover a broad range of issues, including poverty, hunger, health, education, climate change, gender equality, water, sanitation, energy, environment and social justice.

Sustainable Development Goal 16 “ Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions ” calls for promoting peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, providing access to justice for all and building effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.

A peaceful society is one where there is justice and equality for everyone. Peace will enable a sustainable environment to take shape and a sustainable environment will help promote peace.

2018 Theme: “The Right to Peace - The Universal Declaration of Human Rights at 70”

The theme celebrates the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a milestone document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations.

The Universal Declaration – the most translated document in the world, available in more than 500 languages - is as relevant today as it was on the day that it was adopted.

“It is time all nations and all people live up to the words of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which recognizes the inherent dignity and equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human race. This year marks the 70th anniversary of that landmark document.” -- Secretary-General António Guterres

The Universal Declaration states in Article 3. “Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.” These elements build the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world.

Yet, the Universal Declaration does not include a separate article on “Right to Peace”. This is why we ask you this year:

What does “The Right to Peace” mean to you? Share your ideas with us through #peaceday and #standup4humanright.

In the lead up to the International Day of Peace on 21 September, we call upon all to take action.

You can support SDG 16 Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions by seeking  peaceful resolution of conflict when disagreements arise around you.  You can be part of the solution by taking small steps. You can prevent an injustice at school or in your community by adopting a non-violent approach to problem solving and reporting potential crimes, including online bullying.

You can promote human rights by collecting and promoting videos of as many articles as possible in as many languages as possible. Record yourself reading one of the 30 articles of the Declaration in any of the 135 languages currently available and share your video with your friends.

You can engage by speaking up when others are at risk and stand with others’ human rights at work, in school and around the dinner table.

You can reflect how each of us can stand up for rights, every day.

Human rights are everyone's rights

resaerch http://www.un.org/en/events/peaceday/

Hello, Asgardians! First of all, I am honorable to this peaceful environment as a young and curious girl, I am doing research on space and science and I believe that many things can be learned here and i think we are not alone in this universe

What do you think about this?

BİLİM KURGU FİLMLERİNİ İZLEYENLER BİLİYORDUR BİR ÇOK FİLM VARDIR UZAY İLE İLGİLİ AMA ARASINDA EN ÇOK SEVİLEN SAYILI FİLMLERDEN ELYSİUM FİLMİ BENİ ÇOK DERİNDEN ETKİLEMİŞTİR VE BÖYLE BİR PROJEYİ GÖRÜNCE HEMEN BENDE KATILDIM ASGARDİA DÜYANIN DIŞINDA YEPYENİ BİR DÜNYA YEPYENİ BİR YAŞAM ALANI VE YEPYENİ BİR YAŞAM MERKEZİ OLACAK BEN BUNA İNANIYORUM

First Asgardia Parliament meeting was held on 24-25 June 2018 in Vienna I joined the meeting as a Member of Parliament District 1 . The Members of Asgardia’s first Parliament were also sworn in and discussions began on day  between each member after meet-and-greet sessions. https://asgardia.space/en/blog/28836-the-future-of-asgardia-and-humanity/

Asgardia’s first Parliamentary meeting, also held in Vienna where Senior Asgardia representatives including Professor Yun Zhao as the Head of the Supreme Court, Lembit Opik as the Chairman of Parliament, and an interim Prime Minister Ana Díaz , were elected . Voting on regulations and on the Law of citizenship also took place. https://room.eu.com/news/head-of-first-space-nation-says-citizens-will-be-in-space-within-25-years

On 25 June 2018 , Asgardia’s first Head of Nation, Dr Igor Ashurbeyli, will announce that he expects the citizens of the first space nation will be capable of living in space in permanent habitable platforms both in low Earth orbit and on the Moon within the next 25 years. Dr Ashurbeyli will announce the plans during his inauguration ceremony at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna to an audience of high-level diplomats, international scientists, engineers, and legal experts, alongside approximately 140 newly elected Asgardian Members of Parliament and several senior representatives of Asgardia. After taking his oath of office, Dr Igor  Ashurbeyli  will be delivering a keynote speech where he will announce that, within the next 25 years, Asgardia will have habitable space stations and stationary settlements on the Moon equipped with artificial gravity and protection from cosmic radiation which will effectively enable permanent human habitation in space. https://asgardia.space/en/news/asgardia-space-news-press-release-leader-of-the-first-space-nation-to-announce-citizens-will-be-in-space-within-25-years

it was  exiting Inauguration of the Head of the First Space Nation Asgardia in Vienna 24-25 June 2018  for me  I was meeting with many wonderful people

we will working to together for all of the humans, space, world and peace

I belive to : "ONE HUMANITY ONE UNITY"

best wishes

Sebahattin DEVECİOGLU

Member of Parliament Asgardia District #1

video news : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dgHQ7vWfIXY

How U.S. News Calculated the Best Global Universities Subject Rankings

Find out how U.S. News determined the top universities in the world by field of study.

By Robert Morse and Alexis Krivian

Oct. 23, 2017, at 9:00 p.m.

In addition to rankings of the world's top 1,250 universities overall and by region and country, the fourth annual U.S. News Best Global Universities rankings include an examination of the leaders in key academic subject areas. U.S. News used a separate methodology to publish the top global universities in 22 subject areas. The subject rankings are powered by Clarivate Analytics InCites. Clarivate provided the data and metrics used in the rankings, and the bibliometric data were based on the Web of Science.

These subject-specific rankings – which are not of academic majors, departments or specific schools at universities, such as business or medical schools – are based on academic research performance in those subjects. U.S. News has used various bibliometric measures, including publications and citations, as well as indicators for global and regional reputation in each specific subject.

In many cases, an institution that had a strong focus on a certain subject was ranked in that subject but was excluded from the overall Best Global Universities rankings encompassing the top 1,250 universities worldwide. In total, 125 universities were included in the subject rankings but not in the overall top 1,250 ranked universities. Five countries – Peru, Ghana, Indonesia, Malawi and Vietnam – were represented in the subject rankings but not among the 74 countries in the overall rankings.

Ranking Indicators

The bibliometric indicators are based on data from the Web of Science for the five-year period from 2011-2015. The Web of Science is a web-based research platform that covers more than 18,000 of the most influential and authoritative scholarly journals worldwide in the sciences, social sciences, and arts and humanities. The 22 subject fields used in the analysis came from subject schema in Clarivate Analytics InCites, which uses the content and citation indicators from the Web of Science. Publications are limited to those published between 2011 and 2015. However, the citations to those papers come from all publications, including the most recent data available. For the 2018 rankings, this cutoff date was May 30, 2017. It is necessary to use a slightly older window of publication to allow for citations to accumulate and provide statistically relevant results.
The first step in producing the subject rankings was to create the total universe of schools that could be ranked in each field. Depending on the subject, the number of universities ranked ranged from a low of 206 for immunology to a high of 1,011 in chemistry – see the Total number of universities ranked column in the table below. The size of the ranking pool in each of the 22 subject areas – except in two cases, microbiology and space science – was determined by the number of universities that had a published paper count of 250 or more in the 2011-2015 time period in the subject area; see the Number of universities with >250 papers in 2011-2015 column in the table below. In microbiology and space science, the paper threshold was 150 and 200 papers, respectively, for the 2011-2015 time period.

U.S. News studied how many papers each university had published in each of the 22 subject areas and determined that the rankings could be extended in some areas, since many universities had published far more than 500 papers in the 2011-2015 period.

For the 2018 rankings, U.S. News worked with Clarivate Analytics' bibliometric experts to increase the number of ranked universities in four fields. The number of ranked universities published in chemistry, clinical medicine, engineering and physics increased from 400 to 600. The number of ranked schools published in the other 18 fields remained the same as last year. This meant that 6,800 universities were ranked in 22 subjects in the 2018 rankings, which is a 13.3 percent increase from the 6,000 ranked last year. Many universities appear in more than one subject ranking. For example, 14 universities appear in all 22 subject rankings, 19 appear in 21 subject rankings and 18 appear in 20 subject rankings.

For the 2018 edition, four fields each list 600 ranked universities, four each list 400 schools and 14 fields each list 200 institutions.

The table below shows the number of universities that published more than 250 papers and those that published more than 500 papers in each subject area from 2011 to 2015; the total number of universities ranked in each subject; and the number of schools U.S. News published rankings for in each subject area.  Space science
Number of universities with >250 papers in 2011-2015: 212
Number of universities with >500 papers in 2011-2015: 99
Total number of universities ranked: 213
Number of ranked universities published by U.S. News: 200
The next step was to calculate the 22 separate subject rankings using the ranking factors U.S. News selected. U.S. News changed the methodology used in all 22 of the 2018 Best Global Universities subject rankings by adding ranking factors that are also used in the overall rankings. In all 22 subject rankings, U.S. News added the percentage of a school's total papers in that subject that had international co-authors.
With the exception of arts and humanities, for all fields U.S. News added two new ranking factors that measure scientific excellence – the total number of highly cited papers in the top 1 percent of their respective subject fields and the percent of a university's total papers in that subject that are among the top 1 percent of most cited papers in that subject – each with a 5-percent weight. This means that all 22 subject rankings now use 11 ranking factors. As a result of the additional rankings indicators, the weights used in the 2018 Best Global Universities subject rankings for some of the ranking indicators were changed from the prior edition.

The new percentage of a school's total papers in that subject that had international co-authors is weighted 5 percent for all the subject rankings, except arts and humanities, where it was weighted 2.5 percent. The existing international collaboration ranking indicator's weight was also reduced from 10 percent to 5 percent for all the subject rankings, except arts and humanities, where its weight was reduced from 5 percent to 2.5 percent.

With the addition of the two new indicators – total number of highly cited papers in the top 1 percent of their respective fields and the percent of a university's total papers that are among the top 1 percent of most cited papers in their respective fields – U.S. News reduced the weights of two other indicators.

For all the subject fields except arts and humanities, the weight of the number of publications that are among the 10 percent most cited is now 12.5 percent in the soft sciences, down from 17.5 percent, and 10 percent in the hard sciences subject rankings, reduced from 15 percent. The percentage of total publications that are among the 10 percent most cited indicator is also now weighted 5 percent, down from 10 percent, in both the soft and hard sciences subject rankings for all fields except the arts and humanities. Each indicator used in the subject rankings was based on bibliometric and global and regional reputation data compiled for that specific subject. For example, for the Best Global Universities for Clinical Medicine ranking, each of the 11 ranking factors used in the calculations was based on data and values for clinical medicine.

The subject rankings methodology differs in a number of ways from the one U.S. News used to produce the overall Best Global Universities rankings of the top 1,250 schools.

First, U.S. News tailored the subject ranking methodology to the different publication characteristics of the soft sciences compared with the hard sciences. As listed below, the soft sciences are computer science, economics and business, engineering, mathematics, and social sciences and public health. The hard sciences are the remaining 16 subject areas, excluding arts and humanities. Arts and humanities:

Arts and humanities
Soft sciences:

Computer science
Economics and business
Engineering
Mathematics
Social sciences and public health
Hard sciences:

Agricultural sciences
Biology and biochemistry
Chemistry
Clinical medicine
Environment/ecology
Geosciences
Immunology
Materials science
Microbiology
Molecular biology and genetics
Neuroscience and behavior
Pharmacology and toxicology
Physics
Plant and animal science
Psychiatry/psychology
Space science
U.S. News has developed a distinct ranking methodology for arts and humanities.

The arts and humanities methodology takes into account key characteristics of that field, in which publications play a significantly smaller role. That means that for the arts and humanities ranking, the number of publications or other indicators that relate to publications and citations were weighted far less than they were in the other subject areas.

This also means that the conferences and books indicators were used and heavily weighted but weren't used in the other subject rankings, and that both global research reputation and regional research reputation were weighted more heavily than in the other subject rankings. The use of citation analysis within the hard sciences is well established. However, in the soft sciences, the relationship between citations and performance is less clear. There are a number of reasons for this.

First, unlike the hard sciences, journal articles are often not the main method of communication of research, and citation rates to the articles may be low. Second, in the social sciences and economics and business, when a scholar cites another work, it is frequently a point of debate or discussion.

This is in contrast with the hard sciences, where the reason for citing another work is usually one of utility or influence. In the case of mathematics, although a journal article is the main method of communication, citations tend to take a longer time to accumulate than other fields and the overall citation rate to mathematics papers tends to be quite low.

These reasons do not negate the use of citation analysis for research evaluation, but they decrease confidence in the robustness of the results. Therefore, U.S. News lowered the weights assigned to these citation indicators in the soft sciences to reflect the lower confidence.

The table below lists the weights and factors used to compute the 22 subject rankings, with related indicators grouped together. For a detailed explanation of each ranking factor, please read "How U.S. News Calculated the Best Global Universities Rankings."  Space science: Journals focused on studying the universe make up the space science category. From astronomy and astrophysics to celestial bodies and space exploration, publications within this category deal with the study of everything in outer space.                                          How the Subject Scores and Numerical Rankings Were Calculated
To arrive at a school's rank in each of the 22 subjects, the subject scores were calculated using a combination of the weights and z-scores for each of the ranking indicators used in each subject ranking. In statistics, a z-score is a standardized score that indicates how many standard deviations a data point is from the mean of that variable. This transformation of the data is essential when combining diverse information into a single ranking because it allows for fair comparisons between the different types of data.
Some of the indicators were highly skewed, so the logarithmic transformation of the original values were used. These indicators were:
Publications.
Total citations.
Books.
Conferences.
Number of publications that are among the 10 percent most cited.
Number of highly cited papers that are among the top 1 percent most cited in their respective fields.
International collaboration.
Global research reputation.
Regional research reputation.
The logarithmic transformation rescaled the data and allowed for a more normalized and uniform spread across each of the indicators. After the indicators were normalized, the z-scores for each indicator were calculated in order to standardize the different types of data to a common scale.   To reach a school's subject score, the calculated z-scores for each of the ranking indicators were weighted using the weights described earlier. U.S. News determined the weights based on our judgment of the relative importance of the ranking factors and in consultation with Clarivate Analytics' bibliometric experts.

The subject score was calculated by summing the school's weighted values for the ranking indicators in that subject. The minimum score from the total ranking universe for that subject was then subtracted from each of the scores to make zero the lowest possible score.

The scores were then rescaled by multiplying the ratio between the overall performance of each university in that subject and the highest-performing university by 100. This forced the scores to fall on a 0-100 scale, with the highest-performing school earning a subject score of 100.

Of the total number of universities ranked for each of the 22 subject areas, U.S. News then used their weighted subject score to numerically rank them in descending order for each subject area. Each school's subject score was rounded to one decimal place to increase variance between scores and to minimize the occurrence of ties. U.S. News then published either the top-ranked 200, 400 or 600 schools in each subject area.

In addition, in each of the 22 subject areas, the 11 ranking indicators used for each subject area's ranking  received a separate numerical rank – such as publications, total citations and global research reputation – based on their z-score for that indicator in that subject area. The highest-scoring university for each of the ranking indicators received a rank of 1, and the lowest-scoring university received a rank ranging from 206 in immunology to 1,011 in chemistry. Ties were allowed.


The one exception is the regional research reputation rank. The regional research reputation numerical rankings are calculated based on the schools within each of the six United Nations regions. Those six regions are Africa, Asia, Australia/New Zealand, Europe, Latin America and North America.

This means the regional reputation numerical ranking in any of the 22 subject area can have up to six No. 1 schools, or one for each region. This comparison enables users to determine which schools have the strongest regional research reputation among the schools in their region in that subject area.

The numerical ranks for each of the 11 ranking indicators are published on usnews.com for each school in each of the 22 subject areas. Some schools in the subject areas have ranking indicators with numerical ranks greater than the 200, 400 or 600 schools that are published in each subject.

Readers can use the numerical ranks published for each ranking indicator to determine the relative position of each school in that indicator, depending on the subject, with 1 being the highest. The numerical indicator ranks were not used to calculate the subject score.

Data Collection

The data and metrics used in the rankings were provided by Clarivate Analytics InCites. The bibliometric data were based on the Web of Science.

Tags: #globaluniversities,  #rankings, #education, #research, #academics, #globalization, #world, #internationalstudents, #studyabroad

Robert Morse is chief data strategist at U.S. News, where he develops the methodologies and surveys for annual education rankings, including Best Colleges and... full bio »
Alexis Krivian is a data analyst at U.S. News.  Searches : https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/articles/subject-rankings-methodology