M.a. Padmanabha Rao 10,000 likes for Sadiq Monguno, Judith Swanson, Rita Geraghty, Steven Taylor, the most optimistic Members in Quantum Physics for giving profound support to me. In researchgate, readership rose to my articles over 30,000, but readership of Indians from my own country is only a fraction. I have spent 32 years in doing Ten Fundamental Physics Discoveries, World Record in Science that would have fetched at least 3 Nobel Prizes if the work is done by an American or a British scientist. Unfortunately, my own countrymen totally neglected my research. They never Nominated my research to the Nobel Committee despite Slashdotpoll predicted Nobel Prize in 2008 for my discovery of Bharat Radiation from radioisotopes and XRF sources (and Sun). Every year I have sent my research data to top scientists in India for Nomination. They never cared to reply even. Even when I asked for a Lecture, the Institutions refused to listen my research. NO CITATIONS BY INDIANS ON MY 10 Discoveries. I am one from such Indians you have supported me today. While I was doing my first 6 Physics Discoveries in a small Laboratory at the Defence Laboratory, in Jodhpur, India a group of workers confined and assaulted me in 1992 for working with honesty without CORRUPTION. I did that research in the riskiest environment to life for 9 years from 1988 to 1997. I just got only one promotion in 14 years, while my juniors with less qualification and routine research got 3 promotions and became my bsses. My last promotion in 1997 was denied by my selfish colleagues resulting in a much lower pension than my colleagues. And I spent a lot of my pension for attending International Conferences in the USA (1998, 2001), Bulgaria (2002) and Russia (2008). Sorry Sir for misusing your valuable space here. I am expressing gratitude to four of you for supporting most neglected discoverer. All the best.

UNIFICATION OF THE PARTICLE-WAVE DUALITY A fundamental concept in Quantum Physics is that “Elementary Particles” have as well “Particle Properties” and “Wave Properties”. This fundamental “Particle-Wave-Duality” has been defined in the “Copenhagen Interpretation” as agreed on the third Solvay Conference in 1927 by Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg. However this concept is confusing and difficult to understand. The question still remains. What are we dealing with? Particles or Waves? This New theory tries to answer this fundamental question in Quantum Physics.

Albert Einstein, Lorentz and Minkowski published in 1905 the Theory of Special Relativity and Einstein published in 1915 his field theory of general relativity based on a curved 4-dimensional space-time continuum to integrate the gravitational field and the electromagnetic field in one unified field. Since then the method of Einstein’s unifying field theory has been developed by many others in more than 4 dimensions resulting finally in the well-known 10-dimensional and 11-dimensional “string theory”. String theory is an outgrowth of S-matrix theory, a research program begun by Werner Heisenberg in 1943 (following John Archibald Wheeler‘s(3) 1937 introduction of the S-matrix), picked up and advocated by many prominent theorists starting in the late 1950’s. Theodor Franz Eduard Kaluza (1885-1954), was a German mathematician and physicist well-known for the Kaluza–Klein theory involving field equations in curved five-dimensional space. His idea that fundamental forces can be unified by introducing additional dimensions re-emerged much later in the “String Theory”. The original Kaluza-Klein theory was one of the first attempts to create a unified field theory i.e. the theory, which would unify all the forces under one fundamental law. It was published in 1921 by Theodor Kaluza and extended in 1926 by Oskar Klein. The basic idea of this theory was to postulate one extra compactified space dimension and introduce nothing but pure gravity in a new (1 + 4)-dimensional space-time. Klein suggested that the fifth dimension would be rolled up into a tiny, compact loop on the order of 10-35 [m] In this theory a different path has been followed. Instead of a multi-dimensional field theory a 4-dimensional equilibrium has been chosen. It turns out that the equilibrium in the 4th dimension (time) results in the Dirac Equation and the 3 spatial dimensions result in the electromagnetic field equation in this unifying particles and fields. https://osf.io/69mq7

Breakthrough Neutrino Discovery Researchers believe they have discovered a difference between the neutrino, nature's most elusive particle, and its antimatter counterpart, the antineutrino, potentially answering one of the universe's most perplexing questions. Standard theories suggest matter and antimatter - nearly exact copies of matter but with separate charges (see 101) - were created in equal amounts during the Big Bang. However, despite the fact particles and antiparticles annihilate each other when they meet, the universe appears to be filled nearly entirely with ordinary matter. This asymmetry is considered one of the great unsolved problems of physics, and researchers have assumed some undiscovered difference in one of the fundamental particle-antiparticle pairs is responsible. The new work finds that muon neutrinos are more likely to change into electron neutrinos than their antimatter counterparts." https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2177-0?fbclid=IwAR2hkcoevmqYXedA28rqM5nRRPnO2oUri7rXSD4n1QlRK80s6xHgpCkVXQs

Photons are the most well-known and least understood particles in modern Physics. This article describes the properties of the "Photon" and provides answers for questions like: 1). Why do photons propagate with the speed of light and cannot propagate slower while all other the particles propagate slower than the speed of light? 2). What is the mass of a photon? 3). How do we calculate the mass of a photon and is the mass of a photon in every direction the same? 4) Why are some "photons" accellerated by a gravitational field while other photons are not accellerated or decelerated by a gravitational field? 5). What is inside the photon and which forces keep the photon stable? 6). What is the difference between a photon and an electromagnetic pulse? These questions will be answered in the publication " The Inertia of Light and the Isotropic and Anisotropic Properties of Electro-magnetic Mass" ( http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11 ) in the "American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics" ( http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11 ) This article is part of the special issue: "The Interaction between Gravity and Light" ( http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/specialissue/301005 ) Abstract: Photonics is the physical science of light based on the concept of “photons” introduced by Albert Einstein in the early 20th century. Einstein introduced this concept in the “particle-wave duality” discussion with Niels Bohr to demonstrate that even light has particle properties (mass and momentum) and wave properties (frequency). That concept became a metaphor and from that time on a beam of light has been generally considered as a beam of particles (photons). Which is a wrong understanding. Light particles do not exist. Photons are nothing else but electromagnetic complex wave configurations and light particles are not like “particles” but separated electromagnetic wave packages. This new theory will explain how electromagnetic wave packages demonstrate inertia, mass and momentum and which forces keep the wave packages together in a way that they can be measured like particles with their own specific mass and momentum. All we know about light, and in general about any electromagnetic field configuration, has been based only on two fundamental theories. James Clerk Maxwell introduced in 1865 the “Theory of Electrodynamics” with the publication: “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” and Albert Einstein introduced in 1905 the “Theory of Special Relativity” with the publication: “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” and in 1913 the “Theory of General Relativity” with the publication ”Outline of a Generalized Theory of Relativity and of a Theory of Gravitation”. However, both theories are not capable to explain the property of electromagnetic mass and in specific the anisotropy of the phenomenon of electromagnetic mass presented e.g. in a LASER beam. To understand what electromagnetic inertia and the corresponding electromagnetic mass is and how the anisotropy of electromagnetic mass can be explained and how it has to be defined, a New Theory about Light has to be developed. A part of this New Theory about Light, based on Newton’s well known law in 3 dimensions will be published in this article in an extension into 4 dimensions. Newton’s 4-dimensional law in the 3 spatial dimensions results in an improved version of the classical Maxwell equations and Newton’s law in the 4th dimension (time) results in the quantum mechanical Schrödinger wave equation (at non-relativistic velocities) and the relativistic Dirac equation.

To understand the world, it would help to understand the Photon. Because the Photon is a mystery on its own. The Photon is not a solution of Maxwell’s equations. According Maxwell’s equation the speed of light is equal in every direction. But a Photon clearly propagates only in one direction. According Maxwell the Photon would blow up itself with the speed of light. But the Photon exists, and a Laser beam is physically measurable as a series of a large amount of individual Photons. The inner structure of a photon is based on a 3-dimensional anisotropic equilibrium within the electromagnetic pulses in which an equilibrium does exist for the Electric and the Magnetic Fields separately generated by the pulses. A photon cannot be considered as a particle. Because particles are 3-dimensional confinements. Photons are anisotropic (in 1st and 2nd dimension a particle and in the 3rd dimension a wave) confinements of electromagnetic pulses, generated during the energy transitions within the atoms. Photons are 2-dimensional confinements of electromagnetic energy and demonstrate the property of inertia (electromagnetic mass) in the 2 directions of confinement. In the 3rd direction, the direction of propagation, photons can only be considered as an electromagnetic wave and for that reason do not demonstrate the property of inertia. Electromagnetic waves cannot be accelerated or decelerated because the speed of light is a universal constant. For that reason, photons interact with a gravitational field in an anisotropic way. Due to a gravitational field, photons can be accelerated or decelerated in the directions perpendicular to the direction of propagation and follow a curved path. But a gravitational field in the direction of propagation will have no impact on the speed of the photons, which will remain the unchanged universal constant, the speed of light. Photonics is the physical science of light based on the concept of “photons” introduced by Albert Einstein in the early 20th century. Einstein introduced this concept in the “particle-wave duality” discussion with Niels Bohr to demonstrate that even light has particle properties (mass and momentum) and wave properties (frequency). That concept became a metaphor and from that time on a beam of light has been generally considered as a beam of particles (photons). Which is a wrong understanding. Light particles do not exist. Photons are nothing else but electromagnetic complex wave configurations and light particles are not like “particles” but separated electromagnetic wave packages, 2-dimensionally confined in the directions perpendicular to the direction of propagation and in a perfect equilibrium with the radiation pressure and the inertia of electromagnetic energy in the forward direction, controlling the speed of light. This new theory will explain how electromagnetic wave packages demonstrate inertia, mass and momentum and which forces keep the wave packages together in a way that they can be measured like particles with their own specific mass and momentum. All we know about light, and in generally about any electromagnetic field configuration, has been based only on two fundamental theories. James Clerk Maxwell introduced in 1865 the “Theory of Electrodynamics” with the publication: “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” and Albert Einstein introduced in 1905 the “Theory of Special Relativity” with the publication: “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” and in 1913 the “Theory of General Relativity” with the publication ”Outline of a Generalized Theory of Relativity and of a Theory of Gravitation”. However, both theories are not capable to explain the property of electromagnetic mass and in specific the anisotropy of the phenomenon of electromagnetic mass presented e.g. in a LASER beam. To understand what electromagnetic inertia and the corresponding electromagnetic mass is and how the anisotropy of electromagnetic mass can be explained and how it has to be defined, a New Theory about Light has to be developed. A part of this “New Theory about Light”, based on Newton’s well- known Equation in 3 dimensions will be published in this article in an extension into 4 dimensions. Newton’s 4-dimensional law in the 3 spatial dimensions results in an improved version of the classical Maxwell equations and Newton’s law in the 4th dimension (time) results in the quantum mechanical Schrödinger wave equation (at non-relativistic velocities) and the relativistic Dirac equation. http://www.ejers.org/index.php/ejers/article/view/1568

Running for Mayor Hello my name is Steven Taylor, I will be running for your 2018 Asgardia council Mayor of Las Vegas Nevada. Responsibilities for a wide variety of functions in city government will be established. While traditional policies will be established others are listed directly in state law. These duties are listed below , a summary of which appears below. Legal Duties: The Mayor enforces all laws established by Asgardia government and parliament . He/she signs all commissions, licenses, and permits granted by Asgardia government or parliament authority, as well as other instruments that require his/her signature under the law. The Mayor serves as the top conservator of peace in the City. The Mayor maintains safe streets by appointing and supervising of Las Vegas Director of Public Safety, who works closely with the Police and Fire chiefs to control crime and establish programs that preserve the health and welfare of Asgardia citizens. The Mayor manages the operations of Asgardia in Las Vegas. By supervising the conduct of all authorities and department supervisors in the Asgardia government and council authorized by law, the Mayor manages the day-to-day operations and long-term planning strategies of City Asgardia government. The Mayor recommends legislative actions to Las Vegas Asgardia Council and provides them with requested information. Through the course of managing the operations of City government, the Mayor is well suited to make recommendations to City Council members as to the best course of action when considering legislation. The Mayor is also responsible for providing Council members with any information they request in order to help them make good decisions for the Asgardia citizens. The Mayor delivers a "State of the City" address once each year. To inform Asgardia citizens, businesses, and elected officials of both the city's progress and its future outlook, the Mayor delivers an annual report most commonly in the form of a speech. Establish a council in Las V egas, Nevada As individuals, council members have no administrative authority. They cannot give orders or otherwise supervise Asgardia employees unless specifically directed to do so by the council. The council, however, has complete authority over all administrative affairs in the city. In Plan B cities, this authority is generally restricted to conducting investigations and establishing policies to be performed by the manager. The major areas of council authority and responsibility are: Judging the qualification and election of its own members Setting and interpreting rules governing its own proceedings Exercising all the powers of cities that the law does not delegate to others Legislating for the city Directing the enforcement of city ordinances Appointing administrative personnel Transacting city business Managing the city’s financial operations Appointing members of the boards Conducting the city’s intergovernmental affairs Protecting the welfare of the Asgardian citizens in the city and its inhabitants Providing community leadership Other specific powers Role of the mayor The mayor is the presiding officer and a regular member of the city council. The mayor has all the powers and duties for the office of council member in addition to those of mayor. duties and responsibilities of the mayor are below. Official head of the city - The mayor usually serves as the city’s representative before the Asgardia Government, federal agencies, and other local governments. - The mayor usually greets important visitors, gives formal and informal talks, and takes part in public events. - The mayor often exerts leadership in Asgardian affairs. Executing official documents Power to make some appointments Presiding officer at council meetings Election duties Declaring Asgardia emergencies

Within the scope of this article, LIGHT has been considered as any arbitrary Electromagnetic Radiation within a very wide frequency range, because during the transformation from Visible Light into the Gravitational Electromagnetic Confinement, the frequency changes in a very wide range. This frequency transformation is possible because of the combined Lorentz / Doppler-Effect transformation during the collapse (contraction) of the radiation when the Gravitational Electromagnetic Confinement has been formed (Implosion of Visible Light). Within the scope of this article MATTER is considered to be any kind of 3-dimensional confined (Electromagnetic) energy. The inner structure of a photon is based on a 3-dimensional anisotropic equilibrium within the electromagnetic pulses in which an equilibrium does exist for the Electric and the Magnetic Fields separately generated by the pulses. A photon cannot be considered as a particle. Because particles are 3-dimensional confinements. Photons are anisotropic (in 1st and 2nd dimension a particle and in the 3rd dimension a wave) confinements of electromagnetic pulses, generated during the energy transitions within the atoms. Photons are 2-dimensional confinements of electromagnetic energy and demonstrate the property of inertia (electromagnetic mass) in the 2 directions of confinement. In the 3rd direction, the direction of propagation, photons can only be considered as an electromagnetic wave and for that reason do not demonstrate the property of inertia. Electromagnetic waves cannot be accelerated or decelerated because the speed of light is a universal constant. For that reason, photons interact with a gravitational field in an anisotropic way. Due to a gravitational field, photons can be accelerated or decelerated in the directions perpendicular to the direction of propagation and follow a curved path. But a gravitational field in the direction of propagation will have no impact on the speed of the photons, which will remain the unchanged universal constant, the speed of light. Photonics is the physical science of light based on the concept of “photons” introduced by Albert Einstein in the early 20th century. Einstein introduced this concept in the “particle-wave duality” discussion with Niels Bohr to demonstrate that even light has particle properties (mass and momentum) and wave properties (frequency). That concept became a metaphor and from that time on a beam of light has been generally considered as a beam of particles (photons). Which is a wrong understanding. Light particles do not exist. Photons are nothing else but electromagnetic complex wave configurations and light particles are not like “particles” but separated electromagnetic wave packages, 2-dimensionally confined in the directions perpendicular to the direction of propagation and in a perfect equilibrium with the radiation pressure and the inertia of electromagnetic energy in the forward direction, controlling the speed of light. This new theory will explain how electromagnetic wave packages demonstrate inertia, mass and momentum and which forces keep the wave packages together in a way that they can be measured like particles with their own specific mass and momentum. All we know about light, and in generally about any electromagnetic field configuration, has been based only on two fundamental theories. James Clerk Maxwell introduced in 1865 the “Theory of Electrodynamics” with the publication: “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” and Albert Einstein introduced in 1905 the “Theory of Special Relativity” with the publication: “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” and in 1913 the “Theory of General Relativity” with the publication ”Outline of a Generalized Theory of Relativity and of a Theory of Gravitation”. However, both theories are not capable to explain the property of electromagnetic mass and in specific the anisotropy of the phenomenon of electromagnetic mass presented e.g. in a LASER beam. To understand what electromagnetic inertia and the corresponding electromagnetic mass is and how the anisotropy of electromagnetic mass can be explained and how it has to be defined, a New Theory about Light has to be developed. A part of this “New Theory about Light”, based on Newton’s well- known Equation in 3 dimensions will be published in this article in an extension into 4 dimensions. Newton’s 4-dimensional law in the 3 spatial dimensions results in an improved version of the classical Maxwell equations and Newton’s law in the 4th dimension (time) results in the quantum mechanical Schrödinger wave equation (at non-relativistic velocities) and the relativistic Dirac equation. https://www.ejers.org/index.php/ejers/article/view/1631

In this New Theory a “Single Harmonic Black Hole” (SHBH) has been considered to be the Gravitational-Electromagnetic Confinement of a Single Harmonic Electromagnetic Field Configuration in which a perfect equilibrium exists between the outward directed electromagnetic radiation pressure and the inward directed Electromagnetic-Gravitational Interaction force densities. This frequency transformation is possible because of the combined Lorentz / Doppler-Effect transformation during the collapse (contraction) of the radiation when the Gravitational Electromagnetic Confinement has been formed (Implosion of Visible Light). Within the scope of this article “Single Harmonic Black Hole” (SHBH) is considered to be any kind of 3-dimensional confined Single Harmonic Electromagnetic Energy. The inner structure of a “SHBH” has been based on a 3-dimensional isotropic equilibrium within the electromagnetic field configuration. This new theory will explain how electromagnetic fields (wave packages) demonstrate inertia, mass and momentum and which forces keep the wave packages together in a way that they can be measured like particles with their own specific mass and momentum. To understand what electromagnetic inertia and the corresponding electromagnetic mass, spin and electric charge is and how the anisotropy of electromagnetic mass, spin and electric charge can be explained and how it has to be defined, a New Theory about “Electromagnetic-Gravitational Interaction” has been developed. The “New Theory” has been based on the fundamental principle of “Perfect Equilibrium within the Universe” which has already been expressed by Newton’s three equations published in 1687 in “Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. Newton’s Equations in 3 dimensions will be published in this article in an extension into 4 dimensions. Newton’s 4-dimensional law in the 3 spatial dimensions results in an improved version of the classical Maxwell Equations and Newton’s law in the 4th dimension (time) results in the quantum mechanical Schrödinger wave equation (at non-relativistic velocities) and the relativistic Dirac Equation. https://www.ejers.org/index.php/ejers/article/view/1714

"Breakthrough Neutrino Discovery Researchers believe they have discovered a difference between the neutrino, nature's most elusive particle, and its antimatter counterpart, the antineutrino, potentially answering one of the universe's most perplexing questions. Standard theories suggest matter and antimatter - nearly exact copies of matter but with separate charges (see 101) - were created in equal amounts during the Big Bang. However, despite the fact particles and antiparticles annihilate each other when they meet, the universe appears to be filled nearly entirely with ordinary matter. This asymmetry is considered one of the great unsolved problems of physics, and researchers have assumed some undiscovered difference in one of the fundamental particle-antiparticle pairs is responsible. The new work finds that muon neutrinos are more likely to change into electron neutrinos than their antimatter counterparts." https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2177-0?fbclid=IwAR2fmApPz58mbsvWepX_-jZzDjvnZRV-0Smt2WKZi_ho1iWkRZI_2hVdHqM

It's a very easy language. L.L. Zamenhof hoped to introduce this language as a secondary "utopian" language but was ultimately turned down. Albeit, the language still developed a large culture. It would be cool if it were made as an official secondary language considering how easy it is to learn, and the fact that is is a completely neutral language (English is not a neutral language).